Centrifugal pump.



R. 0'. JONES.

GENTRIPUGAL PUMP.

APPLIOATIONIILED Nov. 27, 190e.

Patented Apr'. 19,1910.y

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' GENTRIFUGAL'PUMP. APPLIoATIoN FILED 11011.27, 190e.

Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

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GENTRIFUGAL lPUMP.

APPLIOATION FILED Nov. 27, 190s.

Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

RICHARD O. JONES, OF DAYTON, OHIO,

COMPUTING SCALE COMPANY, OF

ASSILGINOR, MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OFOHIO.`

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

Application led November 27,1908. Serial No. 464,700.

To au whom fit may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD O. JONES, a citizen of the United States,residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and Stato of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps, ofwhich the following is a full,

pumps of this sort although certain of the.

inventions herein set forth are applicable alike both to single stageand multistage pumps.

Among the principal objects are to iniprove the construction of suchpumps both in mode of operation and in structural details for theaccomplishment of the purposes set forth below.

' In the early designs of centrifugal pumps, only a low mechanicaletliciency -Was secured, but the many advantages of the centrifugal pumphave `directed the progress of invention along the lines of securing ahigher degree of mechanical efficiency. Moreover, in the Wide eldbf useof these pumps, the demands of the markethave emphasized the im ortanceof simplicity, compactness, 'relia ility and durability of construction,to withstand varieties of speed, rough usage, and the various Workingconditions; also the importance of acccessibility for repair orinspection, renewability of parts and the adaptability for a wide rangeof pumping re uirenients.

lhile material progress has been made in inventions designed toaccomplish the above objects, yet owing to the rather intricate theoryof operation of these pumps, the lack of accurate knowledge andunderstanding of them` and the inability of inspecting the Huid actionand the various phenomena incident to the pump operation, small steps inadvance in this art are difficult toettect. Nevertheless theseprogressive steps may become of great value commercially in attainingone or another of these various objects.V And therefore variations inthe structural design and in the manner of combination of the variousmechanical elements, become of vital importance in inventions designedto secure the fuliilment of these purposes.

It is for the purpose of securing, to the fullest extent possible, theaccomplishment of the various objects and desiderata above set forth,that I have devised the present improvements, a preferred form of i'hichis shown in the accompanying drawings forniing part of thisspecication.

.Of said drawings, Figure 1 represents a cross sectional view through atwo stage pump containing the present inventions. Figs. 1a and 1b showdetails of the suction pipe and inlet construction. Fig. lc represents adetail of the bearing rings. Fig. 2 represents a vertical cross-sectionof a threestage pump. Fig. 3 represents a side ele` vation partly brokenaway and sectionalized to show the'impeller and diffusion vanes. Fig. 3arepresents a detailed vieur of a portion of the diifusion ring andvolute cast in one piece.

Referring to said drawings, in Fig. 1, 2O represents the transverselyrevoluble impeller shaft. This shaft is'mounted in suitable bearings atthe side and is driven by any desired means, such as a steamturbine,elcc tric motor and the like.4 This impeller shaft has mountedupon it the series of revo luble impellers inclosed Within the multiplecylinder as will presently be described.

Centrally mounted on the shaft Q0 is a double impeller 21 having intakeopenings 22 of equal size on its opposite sides. These intake openingsare annular in form as usual, surrounding the shaft 20, and the Water isdischarged from the impeller 2l through the common diffusion ring 23into the volute casing 24 thus constituting a main discharge of theWater from the ripher1 of the central double impeller 21. This centraliinpeller is designated as a double' impeller because in reality itcomprisesu two single closed inipellers placed back tiiiback and takingWater from opposite sides at"'the intake opening22 and discharging tliewater at the common periph ery of the inipeller. Mounted upon this sameimpeller shaft 2O are two single impellers 25 of equal size, one on eachside of the central double impeller. These single impellers likewisehaving annular intakes or suctions 2G to' receive Water from -the mainsuction pipes. The main suction pipes 27 are situated one on each sideof the cylinder and constitute a double suction device conducting Waterto the respective intake openings 26 of the two single impellers.

` pacity For each of the single impellers 25 there is a diusion ring 28surrounding the periphery of the impellers in the usual manner. Thus thewater which is taken in through the suction pipes 27 on op-posite sidesof the cylinder is conducted through the respective single impellers 25'and is thereby forced into the diffusion rings 28. The waterthen'proceeds through the water channels 29 from` the respectivediffusion rings 28, into the aforesaid intake openings 22 of the centraldouble impeller, the direction of the water flow being shown by thearrows.

The single impeller on the right in Fig. 1 is shown in full yinstead ofin section, thereby showing the peripheral openings 31 between theimpeller vanes and through which openings the water is discharged intothe difusion ring 28. `These single impellers 25 are constructed ofsubstantially the same size and with the same inside and outsidediameter as the' cent-ral double impeller, with the' same size vintakeopenings. Ihe double suction pipes' 27, delivering equal amounts ofwater on opposite sides of the cylinder, thereby deliver one-half. ofthe total water capacity to each of the single impellers, so thatone-half of this total capacity is delivered through the water channels29 to each side of the central double impeller through its intakeopenings 22. Therefore, the central double impeller delivers thecombined resultant or total caequal to the entire capacity of the pump.Likewise each of the two single impellers develops one-halfl of thetotal pressure of the pump and the central double impeller, being adouble suction impeller, develops the other half of the requiredpressure or'lift, so that thereby the water dis: charged from thecentral impeller through thevolute 24 has the required total capacityand pressure. It results from this construction thatthe pair of singleimpellers 25 are balanced on the impeller shaft, 20, one against theother, so as yto do away entirely with any end-thrust, which is animportant consideration in 'seriesr` pumps working against highpressures.V Moreover, the

central double impeller, becausebf its constructlon 1n the mannerdescribed, likewise neutralizes any end-thrust, being perfectly balancedas a double suction impeller. Thus the entire revolving mechanism ishydraulically balanced as to*y end-thrust and no thrust bearings arenecessary.

In Fig. 2 this principle is shown as applied to a threestage pump, inwhich there is the central double impeller 21 and there are four singleimpellers 25 and 25a on opposite'sides of the central impeller. The`water is driven by the opposite pair of single impellers 25 through thewater channels 29 into the' intake opemngs of the next pair of impellersbalanced pair of single 25a and then through the water channels 29EL tothe intake openings of the central impeller 21. In this three-stagepump, each of the double suction pipes 27 carries one-half of the totalwater capacity and the outside single impellers carry one-half the waterand develop onethird the total pressure or lift. The next two singleimpellers carry one-half-the total capacity and develop anotherone-third of the pressure, which added to the previous one-thirdpressure makes a resultant two-thirds pressure. Then the central doublesuction impeller having water delivered to both sides thereof, therebycarries the total capacity and in itselfdeveloping the remainingone-third pressure p ro- `duces'the resultant total pressure by addingits one-third pressure to the previous twothirds pressure. It willbeunderstood that this system may be carried on for series pumps'of four,five or any number of desired stages. In any case the opposite `seriesof single impellers each carry one-.half the total waterl capacity tothe central double impeller which carries the whole capacity. And the ov,osite pair of outside single impellers joitlly develops a certainfraction of the total while the next evenly impellers develops the samefraction of pressure, added to the pressure of the preceding impellers,and the central impeller develops this same fractional pressurecumulative over the precedingpressures thereby producing the resultanttotal pressure.

It may be desired in sonlecases to use a volute casingfsurrounding thecentral irnpeller, as shown in Fig. 1 and also Fig. 3,013' if diifusionrings are used, the volute formation may be dispensed with and a centralmain discharge pipe used of uniform circular diameter, as shown inFig.2.

As shown in Fig.' 3, the'cylinder casing is split horizontally on theline of the impeller pressure,

are va series of upwardly extending bolts 42 which extend verticallyupward parallel to each other and are adaptedto enter correspondingapertures in the-upper casing so as to 'guide the upper casing properlyinto place when it is lowered down into contact with ated between thesin le impellers andthe central double impelIer (see 1) and the lowercasing. These bolts are situafter the upper casing is'put in place, nuts43 are screwed down upon the upper end of these bolts so as to fastenthe upper casing irmly in place. A rin 44, fast to the upper casing 40,ma be use to lift off the upper casing. By tv's means quick and easyaccess may be had to the'revolving parts by lifting olf the pper casingand the suction ipes, togetherl with the vdischarge pipe as ater will.be described, being connected with Therefore, this difiiculty is metVwith the lower casing, in no way interfere with this removal of thecasing. In series pumps of this sort, since considerable pressure isdeveloped within the casing, these tie bolts f 42 prevent the casingfrom being warped out of shape and at the same time serve to guide thecasing back into proper position when it is lowered into place.

In series pumps of this kind, the inside webs or partitions must be inperfect alinement. If the upper and lower casings are cast, then thequestion of shrinkage becomes important for the two parts of the casingmust have the same shrinkage.

by casting both the upper and lower casings from the same ladle ofmolten metal. This result-s in equal shrinkage of the two parts of thecasing and/thus insures `proper alinement of the halves of the casing.

Each of the impellers 25 and 21 is provided with bearing rings whichwill now be described. Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 1, it will be seenthat on the side of the impeller there is a `fiange 50 4which projectsinto or forms part of its intake o ening. Threaded upon this fiange 50is a caring ring 51, which ring is shown in cross section on the singleimpeller on the left of Fig. 1 and is shown` in full upon the singleimpeller at the right in Fig. 1. Seated in the cylinder casing isanother bearing ring 52 which is concentric with the impeller bearingring 51. These two bearing rings are located in such proximity as toinclose a thin film of water between their confronting surfaces, theimpeller ring 50 of course revolving with the impeller, and thestationary bearing ring 52 remaining fixed in the cylinder casingseparated from the other ringby this water film. Grooves 53 are formedon the outer surface of the impeller ring 5() and the4 inner surface ofthe stationary ring 52. These grooves are matched so as to form circularwater channels or grooves when the two rings are in place, as shown inFigs. 1 and lc.

The stationary bearing ring 52 has projecting from its outside diametera beveled ring 54, this ring of course extending around thecircumference of the bearing ring itself and in reality forming partthereof. The upper and lower halves of the cylinder casing, namely, and41, are at these points formed with inner Vcircumferential grooves whichare beveled corresponding `to the beveled rings 54 just described, so asthereby to form a seat for these beveled rings in the cylinder casings.This construction becomes important in a structure of the present kindwhere the upper casing is removed at times from the lower casing, forwhen`the upper casing is put back in place, it is necessary that thereshould be perfect alinement of the casings and that the upper and lowercasings should join properly. By this means which will the beveledgroove or recess in the upper casing and the beveled ring 54 aid ininsuring the proper lateral adjustment and joining -of the two parts ofthecasing.

When the impeller ring and the stationary rino 52 become worn because ofthe presence oi? grit or other material in the fluid which is pumped,the upper casing can be removed and the impeller shaft lifted from placeso as to permit the stationary ring 52 to be taken from its seat in thecylinder casing and replaced by a new one, and the impeller ring 50 canlikewise be removed so that by this means slippage will be re duced to aminimum and the original efiiciency restored.

The suction passages leading to opposite sides of the cylinder are of apeculiar shape now be described. The lower part of the suction pipe, asat the joint where the flange is shown in Fig. 1 for joining the suctionpipe 27 to the main supply pipe, is circular in cross section. Then justabove this point, and just below the impeller shaft, the suction pipe iscontracted lateraljy into substantially an elliptical cross sect on, asshown at 61 in Fig. l", the cross section being taken across thedirection of fiow of the water. Then just above the impeller shaft, atthe entrance of the impellerintake, this pipe is again made circular incross section, that is, in the cross section taken likewise across thedirection of flow of the water toward the impeller. The opening in thissuction pipe, above the impeller shaft, ishowever distended into an.enlarged recess 62 which extends diagonally upward away from theimpeller intake and thereby forms an enlarged water chamber. In thischamber is formed a rib or partition 63 which serves as a supporting ribor wall and likewise to defiect and, guide the water in its course intothe impeller. This special Shape of the suction pipe and elbow becomesimportant because of securing the desired control of the inlet velocityand d1- rection of flow of the water and also insuring the even feedingof the water to the impeller, for it is of particular moment that allthe impeller vanes should receive the same quantity of water at theirintake edges. The above-described enlarged rec'ess 62 aids in securingan accumulation of a larofer'volume of water at the upper half of theinlet so as to feed properly and evenly to the impeller throughout itsentire diameter. Moreover, the contracting of the suction pipe laterallyat this point enables the shaft bearings to be brought closer 1n towardthe cylinder which is an added advantage 1nthis construction. Fig. 1ashows an end view o'f this portion of the suction pipe above referredto.

The construction of the diffusion rings and `volute casing will now bedescribed.

The diiii'usion rings, of which there is one for each impeller,lsurround the impeller in the usual manner and are provided withdiffusion vanes 70 extending spirally from the periphery of the impellerto the outer periphery of the diffusion ring. lThe diffusion1 rings 28for the single impellers. 25 Ldischarge into the aforesaid waterchannels 29 (see Fig. 1), and the diffusion ring 23 for the centralimpeller discharges into the v`olute casing 24 (Fig. 1). This volutecasing is substantially circular in cross section throughout, butincreases in `diameter from its most contracted portion 72 to theenlarged portion at the lower .part of the pump where it enters thedischarge pipe 73. These diffusion vanes are) so designed as to increasethe volume of they water as slowly as possible to avoid shock andconsequent loss in hydraulic eiiiciency, and the volute spiral casinghaving constantly increasing volume, gives a similar effect so that thecombination of the diffusion ring with the volute spiral casing in themanner described is particularly advantageous in converting the velocityor kinetic energy of the water into pressure or static energy as isdesired in a direction, but the radial turns of the vanes, ring, withcorresponding beveled recesses pump of this sort. I have also designedthis combined diffusion ring and volute casing cast integrallyas onepiece which thereby gives added advantage in simplicity and economy ofconstruction.. When thecylinder casing is split horizonty scribed ofcourse the diusion ring and volute casing then would likewise be divided-with the upper half forming an integral diffusion ring and volute andthe lower half likewise an integral diffusion ring and volute.

The diffusion vanes themselves .are made of a particular shape, lshownin Fig. 3.

- Each vane starts with a single web or wall as it leaves the innercircumference of the ring, but then branches vor diverges toward theouter walls 81 and '82 ext-endingto the outer rim o f the diffusionring, the wall 82 being longer than the wall 81. This constructionresults in a series of openings 83 in the rim of the diusion ring fromwhich openings the water emerges, and the remaining portions 84 oftherim are solid, being the parts included between the adjoining branchwalls 81 and 82.

It will be observed that 'the shorter wall'` 8-1 is curved abruptly to aradial'direction at its outer extremity (as'at 90) where it joins therim of thedusion ring; while the longer wall 82 extends farther in acontinued spiral direction toward the rim and then is also turned to aradial direction (as at 91). .The result of this construction is thatthe water starts through the waterchannels of the diffusion ring in aspiral ailly as i. above de.

periphery into two branching as above described, deflect the course ofthe water to produce a radial flow at the rim from the diffusion outletsinto the surrounding casing and thence into the discharge pipe. Such aconstruction has material advantages under certain working conditions.

.Certain ,of the constructions shown in the lpresent application arelikewise shown and described in my copending application, SerialNo.464,356, filed Nov. 25, 1908, and are claimed Ain said otherapplication.

. While the form of mechanism shown and described in the presentapplication is particularly adapted to secure the fulfilment vof theobjectsset forth it is thatvvarious other forms might be used, allcoming within the scope of the claims which follow.

I claim- 1. In a multistage centrifugal pump, thel combination `with a.transverse .impeller shaft carrying a plurality of revoluble impellers,of amultipletcylinder casing therefor split horizontally on the line ofsaid impeller shaft, into upper and lower casings; a plurality ofparallel guide and tie bolts seated in the lower casin and extendingvertically upward throng corresponding openings inthe upper casing, toguide the upper casing into proper position of engagement with the lowercasing, with nuts or said bolts to bind the-upper casing in place;

b'e'ari'ng rings detachably mounted on the sides of the said impellersto revolve therewith; a stationary bearing ring concentric with eachimpeller ring and located in such proximity as to inclose al thin filmof water between the confronting surfaces of said bearing rings, saidsurfaces being formed with water-grooves therein.; a beveled ring formedupon and projecting from the outer periphery of each of said stationarybearing rings with corresponding beveled recesses formed in said upperand lower casings to receive and seat the beveled ring and insure properlateral adjustment and joining of the upper and lower casings.

2. In a centrifugal pump, the combination with a transverse impellershaft and a revolubleimpeller mounted thereon, of a cylinder casing forsaid impeller spht horizontally on the lineof said lmpeller shaft intoupper and lower casings; a' flange proj ecting from said impeller at itsintake opening; a bearing ring detachably mounted on the periphery ofsaid flange to revolve therewith; a stationary bearing ring concentricwith said impeller ring and located 1n such proximity as to inclose athin lm of water between the confronting ,surfaces of said bearingrings, said surfaces being formed with water grooves therein.; and abeveled ring formed upon and project-ing from .the outer periphery ofsaid stationary bearing 1n to be understood said upper and lower casingsto receive and form a seat for 4the beveled rlng and to 1nsure properlateral adjustment and joining of the upper and lower casings.

3. In a centrifugal pump, the combination with the cylinder easing, andan impeller revolubly mounted therein and formed with a flangeprojecting into the suction opening, of a bearing ring detachablymounted upon the periphery of said projecting flange; and a. stationarybearing Tyring concentric with the said impeller ring and detachablyseated in said cylinder casing, said bearing rings being located in suchproximity as to inclose a thin lm of water between their confront-RICHARD O. JONES. Witnesses:

W. A. CLARE, J. B. HAYWARD.

15 ing surfaces, and said surfaces being formed

